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No. 451,441. Patented Apr. 28,1891.

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No. 461,441. Patented Apr. 28,1891.

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FRINGE MAKING MACHINE.

No. 451,441. Patented Apr. 28,1891.

INVE NTEIR CZare/zce Mi UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CLARENCE W. ARNOLD, OF XVORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO I EDlVINBROlVN, TRUSTEE, OF SAME PLACE.

FRINGE-MAKING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 451,441, dated April28, 1891.

Application filed September 21, 1887- Serial No. 250,314. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern; fringe of a fabric that has been previouslyBe it known that I, CLARENCE WV. ARNOLD, woven, and the invention, sofar as relates to of Vorcester, county of WVorcester, State of theknotting mechanism, is not limited to the Massachusetts, have inventedan Improveconstruction in which the mechanism is op- 5 went inFringe-Making Machines, of which erated in conjunction with the loomupon the following description, in connection with which the fabrichaving the fringe to be knotthe accompanying drawings, is a specificatedis woven. The different picks that are tion,like letters on the drawingsrepresentto be tied together are kept separate and ing like parts.stretched out from the head of the fabric, so 10 My invention relates tomechanism for tyas to be accessible to the knot-tying devices,

ing knots-such as are now commonly tied by by means of a separator andstretcher consisthand-in fringe to give the fringe an ornaing of a wormor threaded drum and a brush, mental appearance, as well as to preventthe respectively, which devices are substantially fabric from raveling.the same as in the application before referred 15 Application, SerialNo.222,327, filed Decemto, and are not herein claimed, exceptin coinber 22,1886, by Oliver Arnold, shows an apbination with the novel knot-formingdevices paratus for knotting the fringe-thread of a forming the subjectof this invention. The fabric and adapted to perform substantially novelknot-forming devices comprise, first, a the same work as the mechanismforming gatherer or collector that brings the two 20 the subject of thisinvent-ion, and I do not picks that are to be tied together close toclaim any of the devices shown in said former one another While stillremaining stretched application. across from the head of the fabric tothe sepa- The knotting mechanism forming the subrator; second, a hookedneedle similar to the ject of this invention is shown in this inlatchedneedle of a knitting-machine, which z 5 stance as employed in connectionwith a needle first engages the two picks that are fringe-loom, it beingactuated positively in brought together by the collector in its hookconjunction with the operative parts of the and then turns about halfaround,so that the 1oom,so that theknotting mechanism is timed two picksforming the one tuft to be tied are with relation to the feedingmechanism and wound half-way around its shank, after which 3 acts on thetufts of weft-thread that form the the needle is pushed up through thetuft that fringe after they are Woven into the warpis wound around it,and the third device, conthreads by theloom to form the fringe fabric.sisting of a clamp that engages the free end In this kind of fabricthere are usually two of the tuft extending from the shank of the ormore weft-threads employed, which are needle to the separator, whichstill holds the 35 carried through the open shed of warp-threads freeend of the tuft, comes into operation and which form the head of thefringe and are draws the free end of the tuft from the sepacut offatsome distance from said warprator, carries it farther around the shankof threads, thus forming a tuft of fringe-threads the needle, and placesit in the hook above at each pick of the loom. For convenience the latchof the needle. The needle is then 40 in description the end of the tuftor pick that withdrawn, taking the free end of the tuft is woven intothe head of the fringe will be away from the clamp, the tuft beingclosed in called the fast end and the other extremthe hook of the needleby the latch of the latity will be called the free end, and each ter, sothat it is drawn through the loop that tuft or bunch of filling threadspassing is formed around the shank of the needle, and 5 5 through oneshed of the warp-threads will be thus completes the knot. The needle toper called a pick. In the operation of knotform these operations has ato-and-fro lengthting each pick is tied together with thethird wisemovement, a lateral movement, a rockpick from it by an overhand knot.ing or oscillating movement, and a rotary The knotting mechanism formingthe submovement, all of WlllCll are producedat proper we 5o ject of thisinvention might be employed times bysuitable actuating mechanismformseparately from the loom to tie knots in the ing part of thisinvention, although it is obvious that the actuating mechanism can bemodified as to mechanical construction without departing from theinvention, as any equivalent mechanism adapted to give the propermovements at the proper times might be employed. There are also variousaccessory devices which assist in controlling the threads while beingoperated upon by the main devices before mentioned, and in governin gthe position at which thek not is formed, as will be hereinafter morefully described.

Figure 1 is a plan view of a knotting mechanism and a suliicient portionof a loom co-operatin g therewith to show the relation between theknotting mechanism and loom; Fig. 2, a longitudinal section thereof online 93 as, Fig. 1; Fig. 3, a transverse vertical section on line y y,Fig. 1; Fig. 4, an elevation of a portion of the devices at the rear ofthe machine; Fig. 5, a longitudinal section on line .2, Fig.1; Fig. 6, atransverse sectional detail showing a friction device and its operatingmechanism that co-operates with the knot-tying needle or hook when thelatter is drawing up the knot; Figs. '7, 8, and 9, details to bereferred to; Figs. 10 to 17, inclusive, diagrams illustrating thevarious steps in the operation of forming the knot, and Fig. 18 anillustration of a piece of the knotted fringe.

For convenience in description the side at which the actuating-pulley Astands (see Fig. 1) will be called the rear of the machine.

The knob-forming mechanism forming the subject of this invention isshown in this instance as employed in conjunction with a loom ofsuitable construction to weave a fringed fabric, the said loom beingactuated by means of a pulley A on the main shaft A, which, by means ofsuitable cams and actuating mechanism, operates the usual harnessframesor shedding mechanism B, the weftdrawing hook C, the lay D, and thetemple or fabric-clamp E, all of which parts are shown in this instanceas of substantially the same construction as that shown and described inapplication, Serial No. 224,026, filed by me January 11, 1887, to whichreference may be had.

The main shaft A of the loom is connected by beveled gearing A with themain shaft to of the knotting mechanism, and as two picks of thread aretied together in one knot one cycle of the knot-making operations willoccupy the time of two cycles of the loom, and the beveled gearing A isso proportioned that the shaft a turns once at each two rotations of theshaft A. The said shaft a is connected by beveled gearing a with a shafta in turn connected by beveled gearing a with a shaft (0, all of whichshafts a, a", and a turn with the same speed. The said shaft 0.actuates, bybeveled gearing Z) Z), a shaft 11 connected by gearing U(see Fig. 2) with a shaft Z)", the gear I) being so proportioned thatthe shaft b turns twice at each rotation of the shafts a and (L2, oronce for each pick. of the loom.

The shafts If I)" respectivelycarry the separator l) and stretcher I)",the former consisting of a worm or spirally-grooved drum and the latterof a brush, which co-operate to keep the successive picks of fringeseparate from one another, one in each turn of the groove of the worm,and stretched out from the head of the fabric, as well as to feed thestretched separated picks forward to the knotting devices, the same asin application, Serial No. 222,327, filed by Oliver Arnold, beforereferred to, these stretching and separating devices not being hereinclaimed.

In order to insure that each pick of weftthread shall properly pass tothe separator b the lay D of the loom is provided with a finger D,pivoted upon the side of thelay at D Fig. 5, and having a finger D thatstrikes the lower portion of the support for thetemple E as the laymoves forward, so that the said finger D moves faster than the lay andcarries forward the pick of thread just as it is being cut off in thehook C of the loom, placing it over the upper part of the brush b, sothat the end of the thread or spiral ridge of the separator If willengage the said pick with certainty. The said finger D is acted upon bya spring D (clearly shown in Fig. 5,) that retains it in its normalposition (shown in that figure) at the side of the lay, except whenpositively moved therefrom by the engagement of the finger D with itsstop E At the same moment that the finger D carries forward the pick offringe-thread a finger 0, parallel with the brush 1) and pivoted at c,is acted upon by a cam c on the shaft Z2 and carries the end of thethreads down upon the surface of the brush 1), which thus acts as itrotates to stretch out and straighten the threads. A spring 0 keeps thebent rear end of finger c against the cam 0 A stationary finger c alsoassists in keeping the threads down upon the surface of the brush. Theseveral picks of filling-thread are thus held stretched across from thewarp-threads or head of the fabric, which passes between a pair ofplates F, which serve to hold the fabric while the knot is being tied.The said fringe-threads are stretched across from between the plates Fto the different turns of the groove in the separator U, which byrotating once at each pick of the loom advances the entire series ofthreads held by it a distance equal to the space between two adjacentthreads at each pick of the loom. The first step toward tying a knot isto get the two picks of threads that are to be tied together into onetuft, which operation is performed by the collector (Z, (best shown inFig. 5,) which collector consists of a hook supported on a rocking leverd, pivoted at (Z on a carriage (1 having a sliding movement on theframe-work parallel with the line of warpthreads. The pick that is atthe forward end of the line of picks held by the separator is to be tiedto the third one from it i. e., the fourth pickthe next one havingalready been tied to one in advance, and the thirdpick remaining to betied by the next operation with the sixth pick, as will be bestunderstood from Fig. 18. The collector-hook d has an up-and-downmovement, produced by a cam d on the shaft a and a spring (1 by whichthe lever (1 is rocked, as best shown in Fig. 5. The hook at is thusdepressed at the side of the pick marked No. 3 in Figs. 10 and 11, whichis to remain for the next operation, and the hook is then moved towardthe said pick, so as to gather it up by the sliding movement of thecarriage d produced by a cam d on the shaft a The hook (Z is then causedto rise by the spring 61 in the further movement of the cam (Z liftingthe pick marked No. 3 over the pick marked No. 4, as clearly shown inFig. 10, the sliding movement of the carriage d being continued for thispurpose, after which the hook is again depressed, falling between picksNos. 4 and 5, Fig. 10, and is then moved back in the other direction bythe spring (1 which holds the cam projection on the carriage (1 againstthe cam 01 thus leaving pick No.3, while the rear side of the shank ofthe hook at carries pick No. 4 over to the side of pick No. 1, so thatthe two picks constitute one tuft ready to be acted upon and tiedtogether by the other devices. needle or hook e is now moved up with theopen side of the hook next to the tuft composed of the two picksgathered by the collector d, is then moved laterally to receive the saidtuft in its hook, and is then turned half around, as indicated in Figs.11 and 12, to twist the tuft around its shank. These and the succeedingmovements of the needle are accomplished by the mechanism now to bedescribed. The said needle 6 is formed at the end of a long shank or rod6, having a longitudinal movement in a guide e which longitudinalmovement is produced by a pitman 6 lever e and cam e on the shaft a allof which parts are best shown in Fig.3.

The said guide 6 is provided with trunnions (2, having a rocking andsliding movement in bearings 6 the sliding movement of said.

trunnions giving the bodily lateral movment of the needle, and beingproduced by a rod 6 lever 6 cam e and spring a, which devices are bestshown in Fig. 2. The rocking or oscillating movement of the needle onthe trunnions e as a bearing is produced by the cam c (see Fig 3) on themain shaft a of the knotting mechanism, the said cam acting upon aprojection e on the said guide 6 The rotary movement of the needle isproduced by the following devices, (shown in Figs 1 2, 3, and 8:) Theshaft 6 of the needle is grooved and connected by a key or spline with apinion f, (see Fig. 8,) so that the needle is permitted to move endwisein the said pinion,although caused to rotate with it. The pinion fmeshes with a rack-bar f, guided in a suitable transverse recess in theneedle-guides and connected with a link f by a ball-and-socket oruniversal joint f. The link f is connected The knotting' with a lever factuated by a cam f on a shaft G, actuated from the main shaft a of theloom by gearing G so proportioned that the shaft G turns once at eachtwo rotations of the main shaft of the loom, the said shaft G being theone which operates the shedding mechanism of the loom. After the needle6 has engaged the tuft of thread collected by the hook cl it is turnedhalf around by the rack f and is moved lengthwise up through the tuft ofthread, which by such axial rotation is twisted around theneedle so asto form a loop around the shank of the needle, the free ends of thethreads being still retained in the separator 12 and kept stretchedtight by the rotation of the brush Z). A threadholding spring 9 preventsthe thread from being carried up with the needle, so that the endwisemovement of the needle carries its hooked end and latch beyond the loopof thread which is twisted around the shank. The free ends of thethreads extending from the shank of the needle to the separator b arethen engaged by aclamp h, (see Fig. 9,) which is connected with an arm7t, pivoted at 7t on a swinging plate 7L3, pivoted at h* on theframe-work, these parts and their actuating mechanism being best shownin Figs,

and at. The arm 71 and clamp carried by it has a rocking movement ofconsiderable range on the pivot 71 produced by a lever 71 actuated by acam 72. on the shaft (1 by which movement the hook-shaped thread-engagiend of the clamp is moved down opposite the tuft of threads extendingfrom the shank of the needle 6 to the separator The said clamp is thenmoved laterally by means of a link 71*, connected with the swingingpiece 7L3, a lever 71*, and cam h on the shaft a the lever h being heldin contact with the cam by the spring 7L, and by this lateral movementits hooked end engages the threads between the needle 6 and separator b,as shown in Figs. 12 and 13,and the spring-actuated latch 71 of thesaid. clamp (see Fig. 9) engages the said threads and fastens them inthe hook. The clamp is then moved outward in the direction of the arrow,Fig. 3, drawing the free ends of the thread out from the separator andcarrying them across the shank of the needle 6 and over the portion ofthe same threads extending from the head of the fabric to the shank ofthe needle, after which by a further lateral movement ofthe clamp thefree end of the threads is laid into the hook of the needle, which hasby its rotating mechanism been turned to place the hook upward, as shownin' Figs. 13 and 14, and after the free'end of the tuft of threads hasbeen placed in the hook of the needle 0 by the clamp 7L the needlebegins its return or downward endwise movement, drawing the free ends ofthe thread with it out from the clamp h and down through the loop formedby the same threads around the shanks of the needle, which closes, whilethe ends of the threads is drawn through the loop in the manner whichwill be readily understood by those familiar with the operation oflatched knitting-needles. In order that the needle may draw the knot uptightly in its downward movement, a clamping device i (best shown inFig. 6) is carried up against the side of the needle so as to bear uponthe free end of the thread between it and the needle, as shown in Fig.17, so that by the aid of this clamping device the needle holds thethread firmly in its downward movement and draws the knot up tight. Thesaid clamping device i is carried by an arm i on a rock-shaft providedwith an arm i (best shown in Figs. 2 and 6,) operated by a cam i on themain shaft a of the knotting mechanism.

In order that the knot may always be tied at the proper distance fromthe head of the fabric or properly placed along the tuft of threads asit is drawn up, the loop through which the end of the thread is drawn bythe needle e, as just described, is engaged by a knot-placing device7.1. The said knoeplacer consists of a small pin or wire carried by anarm 7e on a rock-shaft 711 having an arm connected by a link 7; with alever k (see Fig. 3,) actuated by a cam 70 on the shaft a, against whichcam the lever is held by a spring 75, as clearly shown in Fig. 3. Theseparts produce an upward and downward movement of the pin 7. withrelation to the knot that is being tied, it being carried down into theloop or knot just as it slips off from the hook 0, so that as the freeend of the thread is drawn by the needle it runs over the said knot,placing pin 7., until finally the knot is drawn up tightly around saidpin, which is then drawn out from the knot by its return movement in theopposite direction to that in which it was carried into the loop. Inaddition to the endwise movement of the pin 7.. into and out from theknot produced by turning its arm 7; on the shaft 75* as an axis, thesaid pin has a lateral movement by which it is carried out of the way ofthe needle until a proper time for it to enter the loop, when it isbrought forward into proper position to enter the said loop by itsendwise movement. This lateral movement of the knot-placing pin 7; isproduced by an endwise movement of its shaft 7.1 caused by a lever 70(best shown in Fig. 2) and cam it on the shaft a After the knot has beentied by the co-operation of the devices thus far described the knottedtuft is removed from the neighborhood of the knot-tying devices andcarried forward in the direction of the feed of the fabric, so as toprevent any danger of its becoming entangled with the threads tobesubsequently acted upon. The tuft remover or clearer by which thisremoval of the knotted tuft is effected consists of a device 111, (shownas a hook-shaped piece of wire,) connected with a lever m, pivoted on astud or red m, on which it is vibrated by a link m, connected with alever on, actuated by a cam m on the shaft (1 as best shown in Fig. 1,and

in the detail Fig. 7. This vibration produces a swingingmovement of thehook m, by which the tuft of threads that has been tied is swept forwardaway from the knot-tying devices, as indicated in Figs. 10 and 11. Thelever on is moved in the opposite direction to that in which it ispositively moved by the cam m by means of a spring mi, (shown in Fig.1,) that keeps the cam-roller on the lever m up against the surface ofthe cam m. \Vhcn the removing device or clearer m swings back to engagethe next tuft at the proper time, it has to be lifted up so as not toengage the tuft inits backward movement, and then after it has passedthe tuft it has to drop down again, so as to engage and sweep forwardthe tuft. This upward and downward movement is provided for by thesliding of the pivoted socket m of the arm m on its stud m as will beunderstood from Fig. 3, and the movement is produced by a lever mpivoted at m and actuated by a cam m on the shaft (0, as best shown inFigs. 1 and 3.

The operation of the several devices produced by the actuating mechanismthus far described may be bestunderstood by reference to Figs 10 to 17,inclusive, which show the successive steps in the operation inconnection with a representationof thethreads that arebein g acted upon.The different picks of thread extending from the head of the fabricwithin the holding-plate F to the separator and stretcher Z) I) arenumbered successively from 1 to 10, beginning with the pick mostadvanced and ending with the last pick that has been woven into thefabric and placed in the separator by the action of the lay D and fingerD, carried byit. Pick No. 9 has already been tied together with a pickin advance, and the two forming the tuft that has just been knotted arebeing removed by the clearer m, as shown in Figs. 10 and 1.1. Thecollector (Z then engages pick No. 3, lifts it over pick No. el, andthen descends and carries forward pick No. 4:, placing it by the side ofpick No. 1, as is clearly shown in the lower portion of the diagramsFigs. 10 and 11, which show the collector (Z in side elevation, theupper portion of said diagrams showing the position of the collector (Zwith relation to the other parts, as seen in plan view. The needle e,which has been below the level of the threads while the collector (l wasthus operating, is now moved endwise upward in advance of the collectedpicks 1 and 4, with its hook opening toward said picks, and the neodleis then moved laterally to engage the two collected picks extending fromthe head of the fabric at F to the collector d, as shown in Fig. 11,after which the needle moves downward slightly to bring the threads intothe end of the hook, and then turns half around on its axis to theposition shown in Fig. 12, so that the tuft of threads composed of picks1 and 4, which are still engaged at their free endby the separator andstretcher are, wound around the needle in and below its hooked portion.The clamp 7L has in the meantime come forward, as shown in Fig. 12, sothat its end is just over the t11reads.'and the needle e isthen movedupward through the threads, which are wound around it, so that the saidthreads now extend arou nd the shank of the needle below the hook, asshown in Fig. 14, the thread-holder g preventing the thread from movingup with the needle. At the same time the clamp h has moved downward andlaterally from the position shown in Fig. 12, so as to gather the freeend of the picks 1. and 4, extending from-the shank of the needle to theseparator, the spring-actuated latch it moving aside to permit thethread to enter the hook of the clamp, andthen as the said clamp beginsits upward movementthe latch 71- closes over the threads, holding themwith a sufficient firmness. The clamp then begins its upward movement,drawing the free ends of the threads out from the separator, and therotary movement of the needle Q has in themeantimebeen continued, sothat the opening of its hook now stands upward, as shown in Fig. 141,and the upward and lateral movement of the clamp his such that the freeend of the thread held by it is carried across the needle 6 above thelatch and below the point of the hook, and is thus placed i n the hook,as will be understood from Fig. 15, the needle then rotating stillfurther, so as to more securely hold the thread, and then movingdownward and drawing the free end of the thread out from the clamp h andthrough the loop of the same thread, which is at this time around theshank of the needle 6 below the latch, as shown in Fig. 15. While theneedle 6 is thus drawing the free end of the thread out from the clamp hthe placing device 70 enters between the free end of the thread and theshank of the needle 6, as shown in Fig. 15, so that as the free end ofthe thread is drawn down it runs over the said device 7;, as shown inFig. 16, causing the knot to be drawn up tight at the point determinedby the said placing device is. As the needle continues its downwardmovement from the position shown in Fig. 15 for the purpose of drawingup the knot the clamping device 71 is brought up against the side of theneedle, as shown in Fig. 17, thusholding the free end of the threadtightly between it and the side of the hook,

' so that the knot is drawn sufficiently tight.

Certain of the devices herein shown and described might be omittedwithout impairing the operativeness of the other devices. For example,if it were merely desired to tie tufts of thread together withoutproducing the ornamental crossing of the upper part of the threadsbetween the head of the fabric and the knots shown in Fig. 18, as issometimes practiced in knotting fringe, the collector d might be omittedand the needle and clamp would operate to tie knots in the tuftssuccessively presented to it by the separator, which, it will be seen,also constitutes a feeding device by which the separate picks of threadsare successively fed forward to the proper point to be operated upon bythe knotting devices.

I claim 1. The combination, in a machine for tying knots in fringe, ofthe weaving mechanism for weaving the heading and a separator forholding the different picks of filling-thread as they are received fromthe weaving mechanism with a needle, a bearing therefor, mechanism formoving said needle longitudinally, and mechanism for rotating the same,said needle engaging with one or more of the filling-threads confinedbetween the heading and the separator, substantially as described.

2. The combination-of the heading clamp or temple, a separator for thefilling-thread, a needle mounted in a bearing, mechanism forreciprocatingsaid needle, and mechanism for rotating the same with amovable clamp and mechanism for operating the same, whereby the threadis removed from the separator into and past the hook of the needle,which forms a knot in the filling-thread, substantially as described.

The combination of the heading clamp or temple, aseparator for thefilling-threads, a needle mounted in a bearing, mechanism forreciprocating said needle, and mechanism for rotating the same, wherebyit will engage one or more of the threads confined between theheading-clamp and separator, with a collector engaging with one or moreof the threads and bringing them in position for the needle to tiethem'into a knot, and mechanism for operating said collector,substantially as described. I

4C. The combination of a hooked knot-tying needle and a bearing in whichthe needle is mounted, said bearing being pivoted on the frame of themachine, with mechanism for rocking said frame and slidingittransversely on its pivots, and mechanism for reciprocating andrevolving the needle in its bearing, substantially as and for thepurpose setforth.

5. The combination of a hooked knot-tying needle, a bearing therefor,mechanism for reci procatin g and rotating said needle, whereby itengages with the threads, a reciprocating clamp which engages with thethreads and draws them into the hook of the needle, means forreciprocating the clamp, a clamping or friction plate co-operating withthe needle, and mechanism for operating said plate, substantially as andfor the purpose setforth.

6. The combination of the knot-tying needle, mechanism for reciprocatingand rotating the same, and a clamp for co-operating with said needle,with a clearing-hook for removing the tied threads away from the path ofthe lever and clamp, substantially as described.

7. The combination of the heddles of a fringe-loom, the lay, headingclamp or temple, a separator for the filling-threads, a weftinserter,and a needle for tying the knots in ICC said filling-thread, with alever pivoted on the said lay and a stop cooperating with said lever bywhich the pielc of a thread when beaten up by the lay is carried up intothe separator, substantially as described.

8. The combination of the heading elamp or temple, a separator for thefilling-threads, a knot-tying needle, mechanism for reciprocating androtating the same, a clamp co-opcrating with said needle, mechanism foroperatin g said clamp, a knot-placing device, and

mechanism for operating said knot'plaeing device, substantially as andfor the purpose set forth.

9. The combination of a hooked knot-tying needle,a bearing therefor,and1neehanism,substantially as described,for moving the needle bothlongitudinally and transversely and for rotating the same, withaiolan'ipengaging the threads and 00 operating with the needle, and aloop-holding device for the thread on the shank oftheneedle,substantially asdescribed.

10. The combination, in a knot-tying machine, of the rotating separatorand brush by which the threads to be knotted are separated, and afinger, with mechanism for vibrating the same, said finger forcing thethreads onto the brush as they are received, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

CLARENCE XV. ARNOLD.

Witnesses:

G. N. ESTABROOK, HENRY E. HILL.

